High Resistance Grounding Analysis Using Symmetrical Components
This paper provides a perspective on high resistance grounding (HRG) using symmetrical components. The paper notes that with the use…
Technical Papers
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Substation Bus Design: Current Methods Compared with Field Results
Current standards define accepted methods of substation bus design. These standards also require certain strength and deflection criteria. This paper…
Design and Energy Estimates for Wind Farms
Wind power generation is becoming increasingly common in the portfolio mix of many utilities around the world. Wind turbines are…
Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems in Rural Electrical Power Systems: Issues, Challenges and Application Guidelines
Today renewable energy, global energy sustainability and climate change is a very common topic of discussions in the media, politics,…
The Heat and Buried Cable Conundrum
One of the most important factors affecting underground cable ampacity is the thermal resistivity of the soil. A soil’s thermal resistivity…
Developing Design Wind Speeds for Transmission and Distribution Lines in Belize and Accounting for Climate Change
This report develops an evidence-based strength and loading standard for the country of Belize to use with future power line…
Battery Storage Applications in the Petrochemical Industry
The petrochemical industry is unique when it comes to evaluating costs of electrical power reliability and infrastructure. Electric utilities evaluate…
Solar PV Power Plant Underground Cable Sizing Case Study
A solar photovoltaic (PV) power station located in Arizona was studied with the goal of comparing the pre-installation engineering analysis…
On the Use of the Law of Times in Calculating Soil Thermal Stability and Underground Cable Ampacity
An underground cable carrying current must dissipate heat to the surrounding soil. The rate at which this heat can be…
How to Include Soil Thermal Instability in Underground Cable Ampacity Calculations
The heat produced by underground cables can cause the soil surrounding the cables to dry. This drying causes a change…